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Synthetic Ca-exchanged birnessite (CaBi) was studied by X-ray and selected-area elec-tron diffraction (XRD, SAED). The substructure of CaBi may be described with a four-layer monoclinic subcell with a...
Onthebasisoftheseexperimentalobervations,structuralmodelsforNaBiandHBiareproposed.NaBiconsistsofalmostvacancy-freeMnoctahedrallayers.Thedeparturefrom thehexagonalsymmetryoflayersiscausedbytheJahn-Tel...
SolutionchemicaltechniqueswereusedtostudytheconversionofsyntheticNa-richbuserite(NaBu)tohexagonal(H-exchanged)birnessite(HBi)atlowpH.Thelow-pH reactionisbroadlycharacterizedbytheexchangeofstructuralN...
The structure of a highly disordered synthetic birnessite was studied by comparing powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data with calculated patterns generated by BIRNDIF and WILDFIRE© in an attempt to...
The amount of Mn2+ adsorbed or removed from solution by birnessite is several times greater than its reported cation exchange capacity. Extractability of the sorbed Mn2+ decreases with aging. It is un...
The oxidation of As(III) to As(V) by K-birnessite was examined at different temperatures, pHs, and birnessite/As(III) ratios. Experiments ranged in duration from 5 to 64 hr, and solution and solid pro...
The rate and extent of oxidation of dihydroxybenzenes (DHB) to quinones in acetate-buffered suspensions of synthetic birnessite were studied using Mn dissolution to monitor reaction progress. Concentr...
The oxidation of 1,2- and 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes (1,2-DHB and 1,4-DHB) by unbuffered aerated suspensions of synthetic birnessite was studied by continuously monitoring the H+, Mn2+ dissolved O2, and or...
The transformation of hausmannite (Mn3O4) into a K-bearing, 7-A phyllomanganate (K-birnessite) in KOH was followed using X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The transformati...
Investigations were conducted to determine the hydrothermal transformations of synthetic birnessite exchanged with different metal ions. Autoclaving in a Teflon-lined stainless steel pressure vessel a...
Na-saturated birnessite was synthesized by oxidizing an alkaline MnCl2 solution with gaseous O2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed no morphological change upon K-saturation of the birnessi...
Synthetic sodium birnessite, having a cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of 240 meq/100 g (cmol/kg) was transformed into Li, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ni, and Mn2+ cationic forms by ion exchange in an aqueous medium...

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